AArch64: Implement the memory tagging gdbarch hooks

This patch implements the memory tagging gdbarch hooks for AArch64, for
the MTE feature.

gdb/ChangeLog:

YYYY-MM-DD  Luis Machado  <luis.machado@linaro.org>

	* aarch64-linux-tdep.c: Include target.h, arch-utils.h, value.h.
	(aarch64_linux_get_atag, aarch64_linux_tagged_address_p)
	(aarch64_linux_memtag_mismatch_p, aarch64_linux_set_memtags)
	(aarch64_linux_get_memtag, aarch64_linux_memtag_to_string): New
	functions.
	(aarch64_linux_init_abi): Initialize MTE-related gdbarch hooks.
	* arch/aarch64-mte-linux.c (make_ltag_bits, make_ltag)
	(aarch64_linux_set_ltag, aarch64_linux_get_ltag): New functions.
	* arch/aarch64-mte-linux.h (MTE_LOGICAL_TAG_START_BIT)
	(MTE_LOGICAL_MAX_VALUE): Define.
	(make_ltag_bits, make_ltag, aarch64_linux_set_ltag)
	(aarch64_linux_get_ltag): New prototype.

gdb/aarch64-linux-tdep.c

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "symtab.h"
 #include "tramp-frame.h"
 #include "trad-frame.h"
+#include "target.h"
 #include "target/target.h"
 
 #include "regcache.h"
@@ -46,6 +47,9 @@
 
 #include "arch/aarch64-mte-linux.h"
 
+#include "arch-utils.h"
+#include "value.h"
+
 /* Signal frame handling.
 
       +------------+  ^
@@ -1458,6 +1462,186 @@ aarch64_linux_gcc_target_options (struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
   return {};
 }
 
+/* Helper to get the allocation tag from a 64-bit ADDRESS.
+
+   Return 0 for success and non-zero otherwise.  */
+
+static int
+aarch64_linux_get_atag (CORE_ADDR address, CORE_ADDR *tag)
+{
+  gdb::byte_vector tags;
+
+  /* Attempt to fetch the allocation tag.  */
+  if (target_fetch_memtags (address, 0, tags) != 0)
+    return 1;
+
+  /* Only one tag should've been returned.  Make sure we got exactly that.  */
+  gdb_assert (tags.size () == 1);
+
+  /* Although our tags are 4 bits in size, they are stored in a
+     byte.  */
+  *tag = tags[0];
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Implement the tagged_address_p gdbarch method.  */
+
+static bool
+aarch64_linux_tagged_address_p (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct value *address)
+{
+  gdb_assert (address != nullptr);
+
+  CORE_ADDR addr = value_as_address (address);
+
+  /* Remove the top byte for the memory range check.  */
+  addr = address_significant (gdbarch, addr);
+
+  /* Check if the page that contains ADDRESS is mapped with PROT_MTE.  */
+  if (!linux_address_in_memtag_page (addr))
+    return false;
+
+  /* We have a valid tag in the top byte of the 64-bit address.  */
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Implement the memtag_mismatch_p gdbarch method.  */
+
+static bool
+aarch64_linux_memtag_mismatch_p (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
+				 struct value *address)
+{
+  gdb_assert (address != nullptr);
+
+  /* Make sure we are dealing with a tagged address to begin with.  */
+  if (!aarch64_linux_tagged_address_p (gdbarch, address))
+    return false;
+
+  CORE_ADDR addr = value_as_address (address);
+
+  /* Fetch the allocation tag for ADDRESS.  */
+  CORE_ADDR atag = 0;
+
+  if (aarch64_linux_get_atag (addr, &atag) != 0)
+    return false;
+
+  /* Fetch the logical tag for ADDRESS.  */
+  gdb_byte ltag = aarch64_linux_get_ltag (addr);
+
+  /* Are the tags the same?  */
+  if (ltag == atag)
+    return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Implement the set_memtags gdbarch method.  */
+
+static int
+aarch64_linux_set_memtags (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct value *address,
+			   size_t length, const gdb::byte_vector &tags,
+			   enum memtag_type tag_type)
+{
+  gdb_assert (address != nullptr);
+
+  CORE_ADDR addr = value_as_address (address);
+
+  /* Set the logical tag or the allocation tag.  */
+  if (tag_type == tag_logical)
+    {
+      /* When setting logical tags, we don't care about the length, since
+	 we are only setting a single logical tag.  */
+      addr = aarch64_linux_set_ltag (addr, tags[0]);
+
+      /* Update the value's content with the tag.  */
+      enum bfd_endian byte_order = gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch);
+      gdb_byte *srcbuf = value_contents_raw (address);
+      store_unsigned_integer (srcbuf, sizeof (addr), byte_order, addr);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Make sure we are dealing with a tagged address to begin with.  */
+      if (!aarch64_linux_tagged_address_p (gdbarch, address))
+	return 1;
+
+      /* With G being the number of tag granules and N the number of tags
+	 passed in, we can have the following cases:
+
+	 1 - G == N: Store all the N tags to memory.
+
+	 2 - G < N : Warn about having more tags than granules, but write G
+		     tags.
+
+	 3 - G > N : This is a "fill tags" operation.  We should use the tags
+		     as a pattern to fill the granules repeatedly until we have
+		     written G tags to memory.
+      */
+
+      size_t g = get_tag_granules (addr, length, MTE_GRANULE_SIZE);
+      size_t n = tags.size ();
+
+      if (g < n)
+	{
+	  warning (_("Got more tags than memory granules.  Tags will be "
+		     "truncated."));
+	}
+      else if (g > n)
+	warning (_("Using tag pattern to fill memory range."));
+
+      if (target_store_memtags (addr, length, tags) != 0)
+	return 1;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Implement the get_memtag gdbarch method.  */
+
+static struct value *
+aarch64_linux_get_memtag (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct value *address,
+			  enum memtag_type tag_type)
+{
+  gdb_assert (address != nullptr);
+
+  CORE_ADDR addr = value_as_address (address);
+  CORE_ADDR tag = 0;
+
+  /* Get the logical tag or the allocation tag.  */
+  if (tag_type == tag_logical)
+    tag = aarch64_linux_get_ltag (addr);
+  else
+    {
+      /* Make sure we are dealing with a tagged address to begin with.  */
+      if (!aarch64_linux_tagged_address_p (gdbarch, address))
+	return nullptr;
+
+      if (aarch64_linux_get_atag (addr, &tag) != 0)
+	return nullptr;
+    }
+
+  /* Convert the tag to a value.  */
+  return value_from_ulongest (builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_unsigned_int,
+			      tag);
+}
+
+/* Implement the memtag_to_string gdbarch method.  */
+
+static std::string
+aarch64_linux_memtag_to_string (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
+				struct value *address,
+				enum memtag_type tag_type)
+{
+  gdb_assert (address != nullptr);
+
+  struct value *v_tag = aarch64_linux_get_memtag (gdbarch, address, tag_type);
+
+  if (v_tag == nullptr && tag_allocation)
+    error (_("Error getting tag from target"));
+
+  CORE_ADDR tag = value_as_address (v_tag);
+
+  return string_printf ("0x%s", phex_nz (tag, sizeof (tag)));
+}
+
 static void
 aarch64_linux_init_abi (struct gdbarch_info info, struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
 {
@@ -1515,6 +1699,31 @@ aarch64_linux_init_abi (struct gdbarch_info info, struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
      data associated with the address.  */
   set_gdbarch_significant_addr_bit (gdbarch, 56);
 
+  /* MTE-specific settings and hooks.  */
+  if (tdep->has_mte ())
+    {
+      /* Register a hook for checking if an address is tagged or not.  */
+      set_gdbarch_tagged_address_p (gdbarch, aarch64_linux_tagged_address_p);
+
+      /* Register a hook for checking if there is a memory tag mismatch.  */
+      set_gdbarch_memtag_mismatch_p (gdbarch,
+				     aarch64_linux_memtag_mismatch_p);
+
+      /* Register a hook for setting the logical/allocation tags for
+	 a range of addresses.  */
+      set_gdbarch_set_memtags (gdbarch, aarch64_linux_set_memtags);
+
+      /* Register a hook for extracting the logical/allocation tag from an
+	 address.  */
+      set_gdbarch_get_memtag (gdbarch, aarch64_linux_get_memtag);
+
+      /* Set the allocation tag granule size to 16 bytes.  */
+      set_gdbarch_memtag_granule_size (gdbarch, MTE_GRANULE_SIZE);
+
+      /* Register a hook for converting a memory tag to a string.  */
+      set_gdbarch_memtag_to_string (gdbarch, aarch64_linux_memtag_to_string);
+    }
+
   /* Initialize the aarch64_linux_record_tdep.  */
   /* These values are the size of the type that will be used in a system
      call.  They are obtained from Linux Kernel source.  */

gdb/arch/aarch64-mte-linux.c

@@ -32,3 +32,39 @@ get_tag_granules (CORE_ADDR addr, size_t len, unsigned int granule_size)
   /* We always have at least 1 granule.  */
   return 1 + (e_addr - s_addr) / granule_size;
 }
+
+/* See arch/aarch64-mte-linux.h */
+
+CORE_ADDR
+make_ltag_bits (CORE_ADDR value)
+{
+  return value & MTE_LOGICAL_MAX_VALUE;
+}
+
+/* See arch/aarch64-mte-linux.h */
+
+CORE_ADDR
+make_ltag (CORE_ADDR value)
+{
+  return make_ltag_bits (value) << MTE_LOGICAL_TAG_START_BIT;
+}
+
+/* See arch/aarch64-mte-linux.h */
+
+CORE_ADDR
+aarch64_linux_set_ltag (CORE_ADDR address, CORE_ADDR tag)
+{
+  /* Remove the existing tag.  */
+  address &= ~make_ltag (MTE_LOGICAL_MAX_VALUE);
+
+  /* Return the new tagged address.  */
+  return address | make_ltag (tag);
+}
+
+/* See arch/aarch64-mte-linux.h */
+
+CORE_ADDR
+aarch64_linux_get_ltag (CORE_ADDR address)
+{
+  return make_ltag_bits (address >> MTE_LOGICAL_TAG_START_BIT);
+}

gdb/arch/aarch64-mte-linux.h

@@ -32,10 +32,29 @@
 
 /* We have one tag per 16 bytes of memory.  */
 #define MTE_GRANULE_SIZE 16
+#define MTE_LOGICAL_TAG_START_BIT   56
+#define MTE_LOGICAL_MAX_VALUE	    0xf
 
 /* Return the number of tag granules in the memory range
    [ADDR, ADDR + LEN) given GRANULE_SIZE.  */
 extern int get_tag_granules (CORE_ADDR addr, size_t len,
 			     unsigned int granule_size);
 
+/* Return the 4-bit tag made from VALUE.  */
+extern CORE_ADDR make_ltag_bits (CORE_ADDR value);
+
+/* Return the 4-bit tag that can be OR-ed to an address.  */
+extern CORE_ADDR make_ltag (CORE_ADDR value);
+
+/* Helper to set the logical TAG for a 64-bit ADDRESS.
+
+   It is always possible to set the logical tag.  */
+extern CORE_ADDR aarch64_linux_set_ltag (CORE_ADDR address,
+					 CORE_ADDR tag);
+
+/* Helper to get the logical tag from a 64-bit ADDRESS.
+
+   It is always possible to get the logical tag.  */
+extern CORE_ADDR aarch64_linux_get_ltag (CORE_ADDR address);
+
 #endif /* ARCH_AARCH64_LINUX_H */