[gdb] Handle ^C during disassembly

In PR gdb/32025, a fatal error was reported when sending a SIGINT to gdb while
disassembling.

I managed to reproduce this on aarch64-linux in a Leap 15.5 container using
this trigger patch:
...
 gdb_disassembler_memory_reader::dis_asm_read_memory
   (bfd_vma memaddr, gdb_byte *myaddr, unsigned int len,
    struct disassemble_info *info) noexcept
 {
+  set_quit_flag ();
   return target_read_code (memaddr, myaddr, len);
 }
...
and a simple gdb command line calling the disassemble command:
...
$ gdb -q -batch a.out -ex "disassemble main"
...

The following scenario leads to the fatal error:
- the disassemble command is executed,
- set_quit_flag is called in
  gdb_disassembler_memory_reader::dis_asm_read_memory, pretending that a
  user pressed ^C,
- target_read_code calls QUIT, which throws a
  gdb_exception_quit,
- the exception propagation mechanism reaches c code in libopcodes and a fatal
  error triggers because the c code is not compiled with -fexception.

Fix this by:
- wrapping the body of gdb_disassembler_memory_reader::dis_asm_read_memory in
  catch_exceptions (which consequently needs moving to a header file), and
- reraising the caught exception in default_print_insn using QUIT.

Tested on aarch64-linux.

Approved-By: Andrew Burgess <aburgess@redhat.com>

Bug: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=32025

gdb/disasm.c

@@ -197,7 +197,12 @@ gdb_disassembler_memory_reader::dis_asm_read_memory
   (bfd_vma memaddr, gdb_byte *myaddr, unsigned int len,
    struct disassemble_info *info) noexcept
 {
-  return target_read_code (memaddr, myaddr, len);
+  auto res = catch_exceptions<int, -1> ([&]
+    {
+      return target_read_code (memaddr, myaddr, len);
+    });
+
+  return res;
 }
 
 /* Wrapper of memory_error.  */