#!/usr/bin/env python3 # prevent local imports if __name__ == "__main__": __import__('sys').path.pop(0) import bisect import collections as co import itertools as it import math as mt import os import struct TAG_NULL = 0x0000 ## 0x0000 v--- ---- ---- ---- TAG_CONFIG = 0x0000 ## 0x00tt v--- ---- -ttt tttt TAG_MAGIC = 0x0003 # 0x0003 v--- ---- ---- --11 TAG_VERSION = 0x0004 # 0x0004 v--- ---- ---- -1-- TAG_RCOMPAT = 0x0005 # 0x0005 v--- ---- ---- -1-1 TAG_WCOMPAT = 0x0006 # 0x0006 v--- ---- ---- -11- TAG_OCOMPAT = 0x0007 # 0x0007 v--- ---- ---- -111 TAG_GEOMETRY = 0x0009 # 0x0008 v--- ---- ---- 1-rr TAG_NAMELIMIT = 0x000c # 0x000c v--- ---- ---- 11-- TAG_FILELIMIT = 0x000d # 0x000d v--- ---- ---- 11-1 TAG_GDELTA = 0x0100 ## 0x01tt v--- ---1 -ttt tttt TAG_GRMDELTA = 0x0100 # 0x0100 v--- ---1 ---- ---- TAG_NAME = 0x0200 ## 0x02tt v--- --1- -ttt tttt TAG_REG = 0x0201 # 0x0201 v--- --1- ---- ---1 TAG_DIR = 0x0202 # 0x0202 v--- --1- ---- --1- TAG_BOOKMARK = 0x0204 # 0x0204 v--- --1- ---- -1-- TAG_STICKYNOTE = 0x0205 # 0x0205 v--- --1- ---- -1-1 TAG_STRUCT = 0x0300 ## 0x03tt v--- --11 -ttt tttt TAG_DATA = 0x0300 # 0x0300 v--- --11 ---- ---- TAG_BLOCK = 0x0304 # 0x0304 v--- --11 ---- -1rr TAG_BSHRUB = 0x0308 # 0x0308 v--- --11 ---- 1--- TAG_BTREE = 0x030c # 0x030c v--- --11 ---- 11rr TAG_MROOT = 0x0311 # 0x0310 v--- --11 ---1 --rr TAG_MDIR = 0x0315 # 0x0314 v--- --11 ---1 -1rr TAG_MTREE = 0x031c # 0x031c v--- --11 ---1 11rr TAG_DID = 0x0320 # 0x0320 v--- --11 --1- ---- TAG_BRANCH = 0x032c # 0x032c v--- --11 --1- 11rr TAG_ATTR = 0x0400 ## 0x04aa v--- -1-a -aaa aaaa TAG_UATTR = 0x0400 # 0x04aa v--- -1-- -aaa aaaa TAG_SATTR = 0x0500 # 0x05aa v--- -1-1 -aaa aaaa TAG_SHRUB = 0x1000 ## 0x1kkk v--1 kkkk -kkk kkkk TAG_ALT = 0x4000 ## 0x4kkk v1cd kkkk -kkk kkkk TAG_B = 0x0000 TAG_R = 0x2000 TAG_LE = 0x0000 TAG_GT = 0x1000 TAG_CKSUM = 0x3000 ## 0x300p v-11 ---- ---- ---p TAG_P = 0x0001 TAG_NOTE = 0x3100 ## 0x3100 v-11 ---1 ---- ---- TAG_ECKSUM = 0x3200 ## 0x3200 v-11 --1- ---- ---- TAG_GCKSUMDELTA = 0x3300 ## 0x3300 v-11 --11 ---- ---- # some ways of block geometry representations # 512 -> 512 # 512x16 -> (512, 16) # 0x200x10 -> (512, 16) def bdgeom(s): s = s.strip() b = 10 if s.startswith('0x') or s.startswith('0X'): s = s[2:] b = 16 elif s.startswith('0o') or s.startswith('0O'): s = s[2:] b = 8 elif s.startswith('0b') or s.startswith('0B'): s = s[2:] b = 2 if 'x' in s: s, s_ = s.split('x', 1) return (int(s, b), int(s_, b)) else: return int(s, b) # parse some rbyd addr encodings # 0xa -> (0xa,) # 0xa.c -> ((0xa, 0xc),) # 0x{a,b} -> (0xa, 0xb) # 0x{a,b}.c -> ((0xa, 0xc), (0xb, 0xc)) def rbydaddr(s): s = s.strip() b = 10 if s.startswith('0x') or s.startswith('0X'): s = s[2:] b = 16 elif s.startswith('0o') or s.startswith('0O'): s = s[2:] b = 8 elif s.startswith('0b') or s.startswith('0B'): s = s[2:] b = 2 trunk = None if '.' in s: s, s_ = s.split('.', 1) trunk = int(s_, b) if s.startswith('{') and '}' in s: ss = s[1:s.find('}')].split(',') else: ss = [s] addr = [] for s in ss: if trunk is not None: addr.append((int(s, b), trunk)) else: addr.append(int(s, b)) return tuple(addr) def crc32c(data, crc=0): crc ^= 0xffffffff for b in data: crc ^= b for j in range(8): crc = (crc >> 1) ^ ((crc & 1) * 0x82f63b78) return 0xffffffff ^ crc def popc(x): return bin(x).count('1') def parity(x): return popc(x) & 1 def fromle32(data): return struct.unpack('>15, tag&0x7fff, weight, size, 2+d+d_ def frommdir(data): blocks = [] d = 0 while d < len(data): block, d_ = fromleb128(data[d:]) blocks.append(block) d += d_ return tuple(blocks) def frombranch(data): d = 0 block, d_ = fromleb128(data[d:]); d += d_ trunk, d_ = fromleb128(data[d:]); d += d_ cksum = fromle32(data[d:]); d += 4 return block, trunk, cksum def frombtree(data): d = 0 w, d_ = fromleb128(data[d:]); d += d_ block, trunk, cksum = frombranch(data[d:]) return w, block, trunk, cksum def xxd(data, width=16): for i in range(0, len(data), width): yield '%-*s %-*s' % ( 3*width, ' '.join('%02x' % b for b in data[i:i+width]), width, ''.join( b if b >= ' ' and b <= '~' else '.' for b in map(chr, data[i:i+width]))) def tagrepr(tag, w=None, size=None, off=None): if (tag & 0x6fff) == TAG_NULL: return '%snull%s%s' % ( 'shrub' if tag & TAG_SHRUB else '', ' w%d' % w if w else '', ' %d' % size if size else '') elif (tag & 0x6f00) == TAG_CONFIG: return '%s%s%s%s' % ( 'shrub' if tag & TAG_SHRUB else '', 'magic' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_MAGIC else 'version' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_VERSION else 'rcompat' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_RCOMPAT else 'wcompat' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_WCOMPAT else 'ocompat' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_OCOMPAT else 'geometry' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_GEOMETRY else 'namelimit' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_NAMELIMIT else 'filelimit' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_FILELIMIT else 'config 0x%02x' % (tag & 0xff), ' w%d' % w if w else '', ' %s' % size if size is not None else '') elif (tag & 0x6f00) == TAG_GDELTA: return '%s%s%s%s' % ( 'shrub' if tag & TAG_SHRUB else '', 'grmdelta' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_GRMDELTA else 'gdelta 0x%02x' % (tag & 0xff), ' w%d' % w if w else '', ' %s' % size if size is not None else '') elif (tag & 0x6f00) == TAG_NAME: return '%s%s%s%s' % ( 'shrub' if tag & TAG_SHRUB else '', 'name' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_NAME else 'reg' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_REG else 'dir' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_DIR else 'bookmark' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_BOOKMARK else 'stickynote' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_STICKYNOTE else 'name 0x%02x' % (tag & 0xff), ' w%d' % w if w else '', ' %s' % size if size is not None else '') elif (tag & 0x6f00) == TAG_STRUCT: return '%s%s%s%s' % ( 'shrub' if tag & TAG_SHRUB else '', 'data' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_DATA else 'block' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_BLOCK else 'bshrub' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_BSHRUB else 'btree' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_BTREE else 'mroot' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_MROOT else 'mdir' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_MDIR else 'mtree' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_MTREE else 'did' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_DID else 'branch' if (tag & 0xfff) == TAG_BRANCH else 'struct 0x%02x' % (tag & 0xff), ' w%d' % w if w else '', ' %s' % size if size is not None else '') elif (tag & 0x6e00) == TAG_ATTR: return '%s%sattr 0x%02x%s%s' % ( 'shrub' if tag & TAG_SHRUB else '', 's' if tag & 0x100 else 'u', ((tag & 0x100) >> 1) ^ (tag & 0xff), ' w%d' % w if w else '', ' %s' % size if size is not None else '') elif tag & TAG_ALT: return 'alt%s%s%s%s%s' % ( 'r' if tag & TAG_R else 'b', 'a' if tag & 0x0fff == 0 and tag & TAG_GT else 'n' if tag & 0x0fff == 0 else 'gt' if tag & TAG_GT else 'le', ' 0x%x' % (tag & 0x0fff) if tag & 0x0fff != 0 else '', ' w%d' % w if w is not None else '', ' 0x%x' % (0xffffffff & (off-size)) if size and off is not None else ' -%d' % size if size else '') elif (tag & 0x7f00) == TAG_CKSUM: return 'cksum%s%s%s%s' % ( 'p' if not tag & 0xfe and tag & TAG_P else '', ' 0x%02x' % (tag & 0xff) if tag & 0xfe else '', ' w%d' % w if w else '', ' %s' % size if size is not None else '') elif (tag & 0x7f00) == TAG_NOTE: return 'note%s%s%s' % ( ' 0x%02x' % (tag & 0xff) if tag & 0xff else '', ' w%d' % w if w else '', ' %s' % size if size is not None else '') elif (tag & 0x7f00) == TAG_ECKSUM: return 'ecksum%s%s%s' % ( ' 0x%02x' % (tag & 0xff) if tag & 0xff else '', ' w%d' % w if w else '', ' %s' % size if size is not None else '') elif (tag & 0x7f00) == TAG_GCKSUMDELTA: return 'gcksumdelta%s%s%s' % ( ' 0x%02x' % (tag & 0xff) if tag & 0xff else '', ' w%d' % w if w else '', ' %s' % size if size is not None else '') else: return '0x%04x%s%s' % ( tag, ' w%d' % w if w is not None else '', ' %d' % size if size is not None else '') # this type is used for tree representations TBranch = co.namedtuple('TBranch', 'a, b, d, c') # our core rbyd type class Rbyd: def __init__(self, blocks, data, rev, eoff, trunk, weight, cksum, gcksumdelta): if isinstance(blocks, int): blocks = (blocks,) self.blocks = tuple(blocks) self.data = data self.rev = rev self.eoff = eoff self.trunk = trunk self.weight = weight self.cksum = cksum self.gcksumdelta = gcksumdelta @property def block(self): return self.blocks[0] def addr(self): if len(self.blocks) == 1: return '0x%x.%x' % (self.block, self.trunk) else: return '0x{%s}.%x' % ( ','.join('%x' % block for block in self.blocks), self.trunk) @classmethod def fetch(cls, f, block_size, block, trunk=None, cksum=None): # multiple blocks? if (not isinstance(block, int) and not isinstance(block, Rbyd) and len(block) > 1): # fetch all blocks rbyds = [cls.fetch(f, block_size, block, trunk, cksum) for block in block] # determine most recent revision i = 0 for i_, rbyd in enumerate(rbyds): # compare with sequence arithmetic if rbyd and ( not rbyds[i] or not ((rbyd.rev - rbyds[i].rev) & 0x80000000) or (rbyd.rev == rbyds[i].rev and rbyd.trunk > rbyds[i].trunk)): i = i_ # keep track of the other blocks rbyd = rbyds[i] rbyd.blocks += tuple( rbyds[(i+1+j) % len(rbyds)].block for j in range(len(rbyds)-1)) return rbyd # block may be an rbyd, in which case we inherit the # already-read data # # this helps avoid race conditions with cksums and shrubs if isinstance(block, Rbyd): # inherit the trunk too I guess? if trunk is None: trunk = block.trunk block, data = block.block, block.data else: # block may encode a trunk block = block[0] if not isinstance(block, int) else block if isinstance(block, tuple): if trunk is None: trunk = block[1] block = block[0] # seek to the block f.seek(block * block_size) data = f.read(block_size) # fetch the rbyd rev = fromle32(data[0:4]) cksum_ = 0 cksum__ = crc32c(data[0:4]) cksum___ = cksum__ perturb = False eoff = 0 eoff_ = None j_ = 4 trunk_ = 0 trunk__ = 0 trunk___ = 0 weight = 0 weight_ = 0 weight__ = 0 gcksumdelta = None gcksumdelta_ = None while j_ < len(data) and (not trunk or eoff <= trunk): # read next tag v, tag, w, size, d = fromtag(data[j_:]) if v != parity(cksum___): break cksum___ ^= 0x00000080 if v else 0 cksum___ = crc32c(data[j_:j_+d], cksum___) j_ += d if not tag & TAG_ALT and j_ + size > len(data): break # take care of cksums if not tag & TAG_ALT: if (tag & 0xff00) != TAG_CKSUM: cksum___ = crc32c(data[j_:j_+size], cksum___) # found a gcksumdelta? if (tag & 0xff00) == TAG_GCKSUMDELTA: gcksumdelta_ = (tag, w, j_-d, d, data[j_:j_+size]) # found a cksum? else: # check cksum cksum____ = fromle32(data[j_:j_+4]) if cksum___ != cksum____: break # commit what we have eoff = eoff_ if eoff_ else j_ + size cksum_ = cksum__ trunk_ = trunk__ weight = weight_ gcksumdelta = gcksumdelta_ gcksumdelta_ = None # update perturb bit perturb = tag & TAG_P # revert to data cksum and perturb cksum___ = cksum__ ^ (0xfca42daf if perturb else 0) # evaluate trunks if (tag & 0xf000) != TAG_CKSUM: if not (trunk and j_-d > trunk and not trunk___): # new trunk? if not trunk___: trunk___ = j_-d weight__ = 0 # keep track of weight weight__ += w # end of trunk? if not tag & TAG_ALT: # update trunk/weight unless we found a shrub or an # explicit trunk (which may be a shrub) is requested if not tag & TAG_SHRUB or trunk___ == trunk: trunk__ = trunk___ weight_ = weight__ # keep track of eoff for best matching trunk if trunk and j_ + size > trunk: eoff_ = j_ + size eoff = eoff_ cksum_ = cksum___ ^ ( 0xfca42daf if perturb else 0) trunk_ = trunk__ weight = weight_ gcksumdelta = gcksumdelta_ trunk___ = 0 # update canonical checksum, xoring out any perturb state cksum__ = cksum___ ^ (0xfca42daf if perturb else 0) if not tag & TAG_ALT: j_ += size # cksum mismatch? if cksum is not None and cksum_ != cksum: return cls(block, data, rev, 0, 0, 0, cksum_, gcksumdelta) return cls(block, data, rev, eoff, trunk_, weight, cksum_, gcksumdelta) def lookup(self, rid, tag): if not self: return True, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, b'', [] tag = max(tag, 0x1) lower = 0 upper = self.weight path = [] # descend down tree j = self.trunk while True: _, alt, weight_, jump, d = fromtag(self.data[j:]) # found an alt? if alt & TAG_ALT: # follow? if ((rid, tag & 0xfff) > (upper-weight_-1, alt & 0xfff) if alt & TAG_GT else ((rid, tag & 0xfff) <= (lower+weight_-1, alt & 0xfff))): lower += upper-lower-weight_ if alt & TAG_GT else 0 upper -= upper-lower-weight_ if not alt & TAG_GT else 0 j = j - jump # figure out which color if alt & TAG_R: _, nalt, _, _, _ = fromtag(self.data[j+jump+d:]) if nalt & TAG_R: path.append((j+jump, j, True, 'y')) else: path.append((j+jump, j, True, 'r')) else: path.append((j+jump, j, True, 'b')) # stay on path else: lower += weight_ if not alt & TAG_GT else 0 upper -= weight_ if alt & TAG_GT else 0 j = j + d # figure out which color if alt & TAG_R: _, nalt, _, _, _ = fromtag(self.data[j:]) if nalt & TAG_R: path.append((j-d, j, False, 'y')) else: path.append((j-d, j, False, 'r')) else: path.append((j-d, j, False, 'b')) # found tag else: rid_ = upper-1 tag_ = alt w_ = upper-lower done = not tag_ or (rid_, tag_) < (rid, tag) return (done, rid_, tag_, w_, j, d, self.data[j+d:j+d+jump], path) def __bool__(self): return bool(self.trunk) def __eq__(self, other): return self.block == other.block and self.trunk == other.trunk def __ne__(self, other): return not self.__eq__(other) def __iter__(self): tag = 0 rid = -1 while True: done, rid, tag, w, j, d, data, _ = self.lookup(rid, tag+0x1) if done: break yield rid, tag, w, j, d, data # create tree representation for debugging def tree(self, *, rbyd=False): trunks = co.defaultdict(lambda: (-1, 0)) alts = co.defaultdict(lambda: {}) rid, tag = -1, 0 while True: done, rid, tag, w, j, d, data, path = self.lookup(rid, tag+0x1) # found end of tree? if done: break # keep track of trunks/alts trunks[j] = (rid, tag) for j_, j__, followed, c in path: if followed: alts[j_] |= {'f': j__, 'c': c} else: alts[j_] |= {'nf': j__, 'c': c} if rbyd: # treat unreachable alts as converging paths for j_, alt in alts.items(): if 'f' not in alt: alt['f'] = alt['nf'] elif 'nf' not in alt: alt['nf'] = alt['f'] else: # prune any alts with unreachable edges pruned = {} for j_, alt in alts.items(): if 'f' not in alt: pruned[j_] = alt['nf'] elif 'nf' not in alt: pruned[j_] = alt['f'] for j_ in pruned.keys(): del alts[j_] for j_, alt in alts.items(): while alt['f'] in pruned: alt['f'] = pruned[alt['f']] while alt['nf'] in pruned: alt['nf'] = pruned[alt['nf']] # find the trunk and depth of each alt def rec_trunk(j_): if j_ not in alts: return trunks[j_] else: if 'nft' not in alts[j_]: alts[j_]['nft'] = rec_trunk(alts[j_]['nf']) return alts[j_]['nft'] for j_ in alts.keys(): rec_trunk(j_) for j_, alt in alts.items(): if alt['f'] in alts: alt['ft'] = alts[alt['f']]['nft'] else: alt['ft'] = trunks[alt['f']] def rec_height(j_): if j_ not in alts: return 0 else: if 'h' not in alts[j_]: alts[j_]['h'] = max( rec_height(alts[j_]['f']), rec_height(alts[j_]['nf'])) + 1 return alts[j_]['h'] for j_ in alts.keys(): rec_height(j_) t_depth = max((alt['h']+1 for alt in alts.values()), default=0) # convert to more general tree representation tree = set() for j, alt in alts.items(): # note all non-trunk edges should be black tree.add(TBranch( a=alt['nft'], b=alt['nft'], d=t_depth-1 - alt['h'], c=alt['c'], )) if alt['ft'] != alt['nft']: tree.add(TBranch( a=alt['nft'], b=alt['ft'], d=t_depth-1 - alt['h'], c='b', )) return tree, t_depth # btree lookup with this rbyd as the root def btree_lookup(self, f, block_size, bid, *, depth=None): rbyd = self rid = bid depth_ = 1 path = [] # corrupted? return a corrupted block once if not rbyd: return bid > 0, bid, 0, rbyd, -1, [], path while True: # collect all tags, normally you don't need to do this # but we are debugging here name = None tags = [] branch = None rid_ = rid tag = 0 w = 0 for i in it.count(): done, rid__, tag, w_, j, d, data, _ = rbyd.lookup( rid_, tag+0x1) if done or (i != 0 and rid__ != rid_): break # first tag indicates the branch's weight if i == 0: rid_, w = rid__, w_ # catch any branches if tag & 0xfff == TAG_BRANCH: branch = (tag, j, d, data) tags.append((tag, j, d, data)) # keep track of path path.append((bid + (rid_-rid), w, rbyd, rid_, tags)) # descend down branch? if branch is not None and ( not depth or depth_ < depth): tag, j, d, data = branch block, trunk, cksum = frombranch(data) rbyd = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, block, trunk, cksum) # corrupted? bail here so we can keep traversing the tree if not rbyd: return False, bid + (rid_-rid), w, rbyd, -1, [], path rid -= (rid_-(w-1)) depth_ += 1 else: return not tags, bid + (rid_-rid), w, rbyd, rid_, tags, path # btree rbyd-tree generation for debugging def btree_tree(self, f, block_size, *, depth=None, inner=False, rbyd=False): # find the max depth of each layer to nicely align trees bdepths = {} bid = -1 while True: done, bid, w, rbyd_, rid, tags, path = self.btree_lookup( f, block_size, bid+1, depth=depth) if done: break for d, (bid, w, rbyd_, rid, tags) in enumerate(path): _, rdepth = rbyd_.tree(rbyd=rbyd) bdepths[d] = max(bdepths.get(d, 0), rdepth) # find all branches tree = set() root = None branches = {} bid = -1 while True: done, bid, w, rbyd_, rid, tags, path = self.btree_lookup( f, block_size, bid+1, depth=depth) if done: break d_ = 0 leaf = None for d, (bid, w, rbyd_, rid, tags) in enumerate(path): if not tags: continue # map rbyd tree into B-tree space rtree, rdepth = rbyd_.tree(rbyd=rbyd) # note we adjust our bid/rids to be left-leaning, # this allows a global order and make tree rendering quite # a bit easier rtree_ = set() for branch in rtree: a_rid, a_tag = branch.a b_rid, b_tag = branch.b _, _, _, a_w, _, _, _, _ = rbyd_.lookup(a_rid, 0) _, _, _, b_w, _, _, _, _ = rbyd_.lookup(b_rid, 0) rtree_.add(TBranch( a=(a_rid-(a_w-1), a_tag), b=(b_rid-(b_w-1), b_tag), d=branch.d, c=branch.c, )) rtree = rtree_ # connect our branch to the rbyd's root if leaf is not None: root = min(rtree, key=lambda branch: branch.d, default=None) if root is not None: r_rid, r_tag = root.a else: r_rid, r_tag = rid-(w-1), tags[0][0] tree.add(TBranch( a=leaf, b=(bid-rid+r_rid, d, r_rid, r_tag), d=d_-1, c='b', )) for branch in rtree: # map rbyd branches into our btree space a_rid, a_tag = branch.a b_rid, b_tag = branch.b tree.add(TBranch( a=(bid-rid+a_rid, d, a_rid, a_tag), b=(bid-rid+b_rid, d, b_rid, b_tag), d=branch.d + d_ + bdepths.get(d, 0)-rdepth, c=branch.c, )) d_ += max(bdepths.get(d, 0), 1) leaf = (bid-(w-1), d, rid-(w-1), next( (tag for tag, _, _, _ in tags if tag & 0xfff == TAG_BRANCH), TAG_BRANCH)) # remap branches to leaves if we aren't showing inner branches if not inner: # step through each layer backwards b_depth = max((branch.a[1]+1 for branch in tree), default=0) # keep track of the original bids, unfortunately because we # store the bids in the branches we overwrite these tree = {(branch.b[0] - branch.b[2], branch) for branch in tree} for bd in reversed(range(b_depth-1)): # find leaf-roots at this level roots = {} for bid, branch in tree: # choose the highest node as the root if (branch.b[1] == b_depth-1 and (bid not in roots or branch.d < roots[bid].d)): roots[bid] = branch # remap branches to leaf-roots tree_ = set() for bid, branch in tree: if branch.a[1] == bd and branch.a[0] in roots: branch = TBranch( a=roots[branch.a[0]].b, b=branch.b, d=branch.d, c=branch.c, ) if branch.b[1] == bd and branch.b[0] in roots: branch = TBranch( a=branch.a, b=roots[branch.b[0]].b, d=branch.d, c=branch.c, ) tree_.add((bid, branch)) tree = tree_ # strip out bids tree = {branch for _, branch in tree} return tree, max((branch.d+1 for branch in tree), default=0) # btree B-tree generation for debugging def btree_btree(self, f, block_size, *, depth=None, inner=False): # find all branches tree = set() root = None branches = {} bid = -1 while True: done, bid, w, rbyd, rid, tags, path = self.btree_lookup( f, block_size, bid+1, depth=depth) if done: break # if we're not showing inner nodes, prefer names higher in # the tree since this avoids showing vestigial names name = None if not inner: name = None for bid_, w_, rbyd_, rid_, tags_ in reversed(path): for tag_, j_, d_, data_ in tags_: if tag_ & 0x7f00 == TAG_NAME: name = (tag_, j_, d_, data_) if rid_-(w_-1) != 0: break a = root for d, (bid, w, rbyd, rid, tags) in enumerate(path): if not tags: continue b = (bid-(w-1), d, rid-(w-1), (name if name else tags[0])[0]) # remap branches to leaves if we aren't showing # inner branches if not inner: if b not in branches: bid, w, rbyd, rid, tags = path[-1] if not tags: continue branches[b] = ( bid-(w-1), len(path)-1, rid-(w-1), (name if name else tags[0])[0]) b = branches[b] # found entry point? if root is None: root = b a = root tree.add(TBranch( a=a, b=b, d=d, c='b', )) a = b return tree, max((branch.d+1 for branch in tree), default=0) def main(disk, mroots=None, *, block_size=None, block_count=None, color='auto', **args): # figure out what color should be if color == 'auto': color = sys.stdout.isatty() elif color == 'always': color = True else: color = False # is bd geometry specified? if isinstance(block_size, tuple): block_size, block_count_ = block_size if block_count is None: block_count = block_count_ # flatten mroots, default to 0x{0,1} if not mroots: mroots = [(0,1)] mroots = tuple(block for mroots_ in mroots for block in mroots_) # we seek around a bunch, so just keep the disk open with open(disk, 'rb') as f: # if block_size is omitted, assume the block device is one big block if block_size is None: f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END) block_size = f.tell() # determine the mleaf_weight from the block_size, this is just for # printing purposes mleaf_weight = 1 << mt.ceil(mt.log2(block_size // 8)) # before we print, we need to do a pass for a few things: # - find the actual mroot # - find the total weight bweight = 0 rweight = 0 mroot = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, mroots) mdepth = 1 mseen = set() while True: # corrupted? if not mroot: break # cycle detected? elif mroot.blocks in mseen: break mseen.add(mroot.blocks) rweight = max(rweight, mroot.weight) # stop here? if args.get('depth') and mdepth >= args.get('depth'): break # fetch the next mroot done, rid, tag, w, j, d, data, _ = mroot.lookup(-1, TAG_MROOT) if not (not done and rid == -1 and tag == TAG_MROOT): break blocks = frommdir(data) mroot = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, blocks) mdepth += 1 # fetch the mdir, if there is one mdir = None if not args.get('depth') or mdepth < args.get('depth'): done, rid, tag, w, j, _, data, _ = mroot.lookup(-1, TAG_MDIR) if not done and rid == -1 and tag == TAG_MDIR: blocks = frommdir(data) mdir = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, blocks) # corrupted? if mdir: rweight = max(rweight, mdir.weight) # fetch the actual mtree, if there is one mtree = None if not args.get('depth') or mdepth < args.get('depth'): done, rid, tag, w, j, d, data, _ = mroot.lookup(-1, TAG_MTREE) if not done and rid == -1 and tag == TAG_MTREE: w, block, trunk, cksum = frombtree(data) mtree = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, block, trunk, cksum) bweight = w # traverse entries mbid = -1 while True: done, mbid, mw, rbyd, rid, tags, path = mtree.btree_lookup( f, block_size, mbid+1, depth=args.get('depth', mdepth)-mdepth) if done: break # corrupted? if not rbyd: continue mdir__ = None if (not args.get('depth') or mdepth+len(path) < args.get('depth')): mdir__ = next( ((tag, j, d, data) for tag, j, d, data in tags if tag == TAG_MDIR), None) if mdir__: # fetch the mdir _, _, _, data = mdir__ blocks = frommdir(data) mdir_ = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, blocks) # corrupted? if mdir_: rweight = max(rweight, mdir_.weight) # precompute rbyd-tree if requested t_width = 0 if args.get('tree') or args.get('rbyd'): # compute mroot chain "tree", prefix our actual mtree with this tree = set() d_ = 0 mroot_ = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, mroots) mdepth_ = 1 mseen_ = set() for d in it.count(): # corrupted? if not mroot_: break # cycle detected? elif mroot_.blocks in mseen_: break mseen_.add(mroot_.blocks) # compute the mroots rbyd-tree rtree, rdepth = mroot_.tree(rbyd=args.get('rbyd')) # connect branch to our root if d > 0: root = min(rtree, key=lambda branch: branch.d, default=None) if root: r_rid, r_tag = root.a else: _, r_rid, r_tag, _, _, _, _, _ = mroot_.lookup(-1, 0x1) tree.add(TBranch( a=(-1, d-1, 0, -1, TAG_MROOT), b=(-1, d, 0, r_rid, r_tag), d=d_-1, c='b', )) # map the tree into our metadata space for branch in rtree: a_rid, a_tag = branch.a b_rid, b_tag = branch.b tree.add(TBranch( a=(-1, d, 0, a_rid, a_tag), b=(-1, d, 0, b_rid, b_tag), d=d_ + branch.d, c=branch.c, )) d_ += rdepth # stop here? if args.get('depth') and mdepth_ >= args.get('depth'): break # fetch the next mroot done, rid, tag, w, j, _, data, _ = mroot_.lookup(-1, TAG_MROOT) if not (not done and rid == -1 and tag == TAG_MROOT): break blocks = frommdir(data) mroot_ = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, blocks) mdepth_ += 1 # compute mdir's rbyd-tree if there is one if mdir: rtree, rdepth = mdir.tree(rbyd=args.get('rbyd')) # connect branch to our root root = min(rtree, key=lambda branch: branch.d, default=None) if root: r_rid, r_tag = root.a else: _, r_rid, r_tag, _, _, _, _, _ = mdir.lookup(-1, 0x1) tree.add(TBranch( a=(-1, d, 0, -1, TAG_MDIR), b=(0, 0, 0, r_rid, r_tag), d=d_-1, c='b', )) # map the tree into our metadata space for branch in rtree: a_rid, a_tag = branch.a b_rid, b_tag = branch.b tree.add(TBranch( a=(0, 0, 0, a_rid, a_tag), b=(0, 0, 0, b_rid, b_tag), d=d_ + branch.d, c=branch.c, )) # compute the mtree's rbyd-tree if there is one if mtree: tree_, tdepth = mtree.btree_tree( f, block_size, depth=args.get('depth', mdepth)-mdepth, inner=args.get('inner'), rbyd=args.get('rbyd')) # connect a branch to the root of the tree root = min(tree_, key=lambda branch: branch.d, default=None) if root: r_bid, r_bd, r_rid, r_tag = root.a tree.add(TBranch( a=(-1, d, 0, -1, TAG_MTREE), b=(r_bid, r_bd, r_rid, 0, r_tag), d=d_-1, c='b', )) # map the tree into our metadata space for branch in tree_: a_bid, a_bd, a_rid, a_tag = branch.a b_bid, b_bd, b_rid, b_tag = branch.b tree.add(TBranch( a=(a_bid, a_bd, a_rid, 0, a_tag), b=(b_bid, b_bd, b_rid, 0, b_tag), d=d_ + branch.d, c=branch.c, )) # find the max depth of each mdir to nicely align trees mdepth_ = 0 mbid = -1 while True: done, mbid, mw, rbyd, rid, tags, path = mtree.btree_lookup( f, block_size, mbid+1, depth=args.get('depth', mdepth)-mdepth) if done: break # corrupted? if not rbyd: continue mdir__ = None if (not args.get('depth') or mdepth+len(path) < args.get('depth')): mdir__ = next( ((tag, j, d, data) for tag, j, d, data in tags if tag == TAG_MDIR), None) if mdir__: # fetch the mdir _, _, _, data = mdir__ blocks = frommdir(data) mdir_ = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, blocks) rtree, rdepth = mdir_.tree(rbyd=args.get('rbyd')) mdepth_ = max(mdepth_, rdepth) # compute the rbyd-tree for each mdir mbid = -1 while True: done, mbid, mw, rbyd, rid, tags, path = mtree.btree_lookup( f, block_size, mbid+1, depth=args.get('depth', mdepth)-mdepth) if done: break # corrupted? if not rbyd: continue mdir__ = None if (not args.get('depth') or mdepth+len(path) < args.get('depth')): mdir__ = next( ((tag, j, d, data) for tag, j, d, data in tags if tag == TAG_MDIR), None) if mdir__: # fetch the mdir _, _, _, data = mdir__ blocks = frommdir(data) mdir_ = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, blocks) rtree, rdepth = mdir_.tree(rbyd=args.get('rbyd')) # connect the root to the mtree branch = max( (branch for branch in tree if branch.b[0] == mbid-(mw-1)), key=lambda branch: branch.d, default=None) if branch: root = min(rtree, key=lambda branch: branch.d, default=None) if root: r_rid, r_tag = root.a else: _, r_rid, r_tag, _, _, _, _, _ = ( mdir_.lookup(-1, 0x1)) tree.add(TBranch( a=branch.b, b=(mbid-(mw-1), len(path), 0, r_rid, r_tag), d=d_ + tdepth, c='b', )) # map the tree into our metadata space for branch in rtree: a_rid, a_tag = branch.a b_rid, b_tag = branch.b tree.add(TBranch( a=(mbid-(mw-1), len(path), 0, a_rid, a_tag), b=(mbid-(mw-1), len(path), 0, b_rid, b_tag), d=(d_ + tdepth + 1 + branch.d + mdepth_-rdepth), c=branch.c, )) # remap branches to leaves if we aren't showing inner branches if not args.get('inner'): # step through each layer backwards b_depth = max((branch.b[1]+1 for branch in tree), default=0) # keep track of the original bids, unfortunately because we # store the bids in the branches we overwrite these tree = {(branch.b[0] - branch.b[2], branch) for branch in tree} for bd in reversed(range(b_depth-1)): # find leaf-roots at this level roots = {} for bid, branch in tree: # choose the highest node as the root if (branch.b[1] == b_depth-1 and (bid not in roots or branch.d < roots[bid].d)): roots[bid] = branch # remap branches to leaf-roots tree_ = set() for bid, branch in tree: # note we ignore mroot branches, we don't collapse # normally these if (branch.a[0] != -1 and branch.a[1] == bd and branch.a[0] in roots): branch = TBranch( a=roots[branch.a[0]].b, b=branch.b, d=branch.d, c=branch.c, ) if (branch.b[0] != -1 and branch.b[1] == bd and branch.b[0] in roots): branch = TBranch( a=branch.a, b=roots[branch.b[0]].b, d=branch.d, c=branch.c, ) tree_.add((bid, branch)) tree = tree_ # strip out bids tree = {branch for _, branch in tree} # precompute B-tree if requested elif args.get('btree'): # compute mroot chain "tree", prefix our actual mtree with this tree = set() mroot_ = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, mroots) mdepth_ = 1 mseen_ = set() for d in it.count(): # corrupted? if not mroot_: break # cycle detected? elif mroot_.blocks in mseen_: break mseen_.add(mroot_.blocks) # connect branch to our first tag if d > 0: done, rid, tag, w, j, _, data, _ = mroot_.lookup(-1, 0x1) if not done: tree.add(TBranch( a=(-1, d-1, 0, -1, TAG_MROOT), b=(-1, d, 0, rid, tag), d=0, c='b', )) # stop here? if args.get('depth') and mdepth_ >= args.get('depth'): break # fetch the next mroot done, rid, tag, w, j, _, data, _ = mroot_.lookup(-1, TAG_MROOT) if not (not done and rid == -1 and tag == TAG_MROOT): break blocks = frommdir(data) mroot_ = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, blocks) mdepth_ += 1 # create a branch to our mdir if there is one if mdir: # connect branch to our first tag done, rid, tag, w, j, _, data, _ = mdir.lookup(-1, 0x1) if not done: tree.add(TBranch( a=(-1, d, 0, -1, TAG_MDIR), b=(0, 0, 0, rid, tag), d=0, c='b', )) # compute the mtree's B-tree if there is one if mtree: tree_, tdepth = mtree.btree_btree( f, block_size, depth=args.get('depth', mdepth)-mdepth, inner=args.get('inner')) # connect a branch to the root of the tree root = min(tree_, key=lambda branch: branch.d, default=None) if root: r_bid, r_bd, r_rid, r_tag = root.a tree.add(TBranch( a=(-1, d, 0, -1, TAG_MTREE), b=(r_bid, r_bd, r_rid, 0, r_tag), d=0, c='b', )) # map the tree into our metadata space for branch in tree_: a_bid, a_bd, a_rid, a_tag = branch.a b_bid, b_bd, b_rid, b_tag = branch.b tree.add(TBranch( a=(a_bid, a_bd, a_rid, 0, a_tag), b=(b_bid, b_bd, b_rid, 0, b_tag), d=1 + branch.d, c=branch.c, )) # remap branches to leaves if we aren't showing inner branches if not args.get('inner'): mbid = -1 while True: done, mbid, mw, rbyd, rid, tags, path = ( mtree.btree_lookup( f, block_size, mbid+1, depth=args.get('depth', mdepth)-mdepth)) if done: break # corrupted? if not rbyd: continue mdir__ = None if (not args.get('depth') or mdepth+len(path) < args.get('depth')): mdir__ = next( ((tag, j, d, data) for tag, j, d, data in tags if tag == TAG_MDIR), None) if mdir__: # fetch the mdir _, _, _, data = mdir__ blocks = frommdir(data) mdir_ = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, blocks) # find the first entry in the mdir, map branches # to this entry done, rid, tag, _, j, d, data, _ = ( mdir_.lookup(-1, 0x1)) tree_ = set() for branch in tree: if branch.a[0] == mbid-(mw-1): a_bid, a_bd, _, _, _ = branch.a branch = TBranch( a=(a_bid, a_bd+1, 0, rid, tag), b=branch.b, d=branch.d, c=branch.c, ) if branch.b[0] == mbid-(mw-1): b_bid, b_bd, _, _, _ = branch.b branch = TBranch( a=branch.a, b=(b_bid, b_bd+1, 0, rid, tag), d=branch.d, c=branch.c, ) tree_.add(branch) tree = tree_ # common tree renderer if args.get('tree') or args.get('rbyd') or args.get('btree'): # find the max depth from the tree t_depth = max((branch.d+1 for branch in tree), default=0) if t_depth > 0: t_width = 2*t_depth + 2 def treerepr(mbid, mw, md, mrid, rid, tag): if t_depth == 0: return '' def branchrepr(x, d, was): for branch in tree: if branch.d == d and branch.b == x: if any(branch.d == d and branch.a == x for branch in tree): return '+-', branch.c, branch.c elif any(branch.d == d and x > min(branch.a, branch.b) and x < max(branch.a, branch.b) for branch in tree): return '|-', branch.c, branch.c elif branch.a < branch.b: return '\'-', branch.c, branch.c else: return '.-', branch.c, branch.c for branch in tree: if branch.d == d and branch.a == x: return '+ ', branch.c, None for branch in tree: if (branch.d == d and x > min(branch.a, branch.b) and x < max(branch.a, branch.b)): return '| ', branch.c, was if was: return '--', was, was return ' ', None, None trunk = [] was = None for d in range(t_depth): t, c, was = branchrepr( (mbid-max(mw-1, 0), md, mrid-max(mw-1, 0), rid, tag), d, was) trunk.append('%s%s%s%s' % ( '\x1b[33m' if color and c == 'y' else '\x1b[31m' if color and c == 'r' else '\x1b[90m' if color and c == 'b' else '', t, ('>' if was else ' ') if d == t_depth-1 else '', '\x1b[m' if color and c else '')) return '%s ' % ''.join(trunk) def dbg_mdir(mdir, mbid, mw, md): for i, (rid, tag, w, j, d, data) in enumerate(mdir): # show human-readable tag representation print('%12s %s%s' % ( '{%s}:' % ','.join('%04x' % block for block in mdir.blocks) if i == 0 else '', treerepr(mbid-max(mw-1, 0), 0, md, 0, rid, tag) if args.get('tree') or args.get('rbyd') or args.get('btree') else '', '%*s %-*s%s' % ( 2*w_width+1, '%d.%d-%d' % ( mbid//mleaf_weight, rid-(w-1), rid) if w > 1 else '%d.%d' % (mbid//mleaf_weight, rid) if w > 0 or i == 0 else '', 21+w_width, tagrepr(tag, w, len(data), j), ' %s' % next(xxd(data, 8), '') if not args.get('raw') and not args.get('no_truncate') else ''))) # show on-disk encoding of tags if args.get('raw'): for o, line in enumerate(xxd(mdir.data[j:j+d])): print('%11s: %*s%*s %s' % ( '%04x' % (j + o*16), t_width, '', 2*w_width+1, '', line)) if args.get('raw') or args.get('no_truncate'): if not tag & TAG_ALT: for o, line in enumerate(xxd(data)): print('%11s: %*s%*s %s' % ( '%04x' % (j+d + o*16), t_width, '', 2*w_width+1, '', line)) # prbyd here means the last rendered rbyd, we update # in dbg_branch to always print interleaved addresses prbyd = None def dbg_branch(bid, w, rbyd, rid, tags, bd): nonlocal prbyd # show human-readable representation for i, (tag, j, d, data) in enumerate(tags): print('%12s %s%*s %-*s %s' % ( '%04x.%04x:' % (rbyd.block, rbyd.trunk) if prbyd is None or rbyd != prbyd else '', treerepr(bid, w, bd, rid, 0, tag) if args.get('tree') or args.get('rbyd') or args.get('btree') else '', 2*w_width+1, '' if i != 0 else '%d-%d' % ( (bid-(w-1))//mleaf_weight, bid//mleaf_weight) if (w//mleaf_weight) > 1 else bid//mleaf_weight if w > 0 else '', 21+w_width, tagrepr( tag, w if i == 0 else 0, len(data), None), next(xxd(data, 8), '') if not args.get('raw') and not args.get('no_truncate') else '')) prbyd = rbyd # show on-disk encoding of tags/data if args.get('raw'): for o, line in enumerate(xxd(rbyd.data[j:j+d])): print('%11s: %*s%*s %s' % ( '%04x' % (j + o*16), t_width, '', 2*w_width+1, '', line)) if args.get('raw') or args.get('no_truncate'): for o, line in enumerate(xxd(data)): print('%11s: %*s%*s %s' % ( '%04x' % (j+d + o*16), t_width, '', 2*w_width+1, '', line)) #### actual debugging begins here # print some information about the mtree print('mtree %s w%d.%d, rev %08x, cksum %08x' % ( mroot.addr(), bweight//mleaf_weight, 1*mleaf_weight, mroot.rev, mroot.cksum)) # dynamically size the id field w_width = max( mt.ceil(mt.log10(max(1, bweight//mleaf_weight)+1)), mt.ceil(mt.log10(max(1, rweight)+1)), # in case of -1.-1 2) # show each mroot prbyd = None ppath = [] corrupted = False mroot = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, mroots) mdepth = 1 mseen = set() for d in it.count(): # corrupted? if not mroot: print('{%s}: %s%s%s' % ( ','.join('%04x' % block for block in mroot.blocks), '\x1b[31m' if color else '', '(corrupted mroot %s)' % mroot.addr(), '\x1b[m' if color else '')) corrupted = True break # cycle detected? elif mroot.blocks in mseen: print('{%s}: %s%s%s' % ( ','.join('%04x' % block for block in mroot.blocks), '\x1b[31m' if color else '', '(mroot cycle detected %s)' % mroot.addr(), '\x1b[m' if color else '')) corrupted = True break else: # show the mdir dbg_mdir(mroot, -1, 0, d) mseen.add(mroot.blocks) # stop here? if args.get('depth') and mdepth >= args.get('depth'): break # fetch the next mroot done, rid, tag, w, j, _, data, _ = mroot.lookup(-1, TAG_MROOT) if not (not done and rid == -1 and tag == TAG_MROOT): break blocks = frommdir(data) mroot = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, blocks) mdepth += 1 # show the mdir, if there is one if not args.get('depth') or mdepth < args.get('depth'): done, rid, tag, w, j, _, data, _ = mroot.lookup(-1, TAG_MDIR) if not done and rid == -1 and tag == TAG_MDIR: blocks = frommdir(data) mdir = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, blocks) # corrupted? if not mdir: print('{%s}: %s%s%s' % ( ','.join('%04x' % block for block in mdir.blocks), '\x1b[31m' if color else '', '(corrupted mdir %s)' % mdir.addr(), '\x1b[m' if color else '')) corrupted = True else: # show the mdir dbg_mdir(mdir, 0, 0, 0) # fetch the actual mtree, if there is one if not args.get('depth') or mdepth < args.get('depth'): done, rid, tag, w, j, d, data, _ = mroot.lookup(-1, TAG_MTREE) if not done and rid == -1 and tag == TAG_MTREE: w, block, trunk, cksum = frombtree(data) mtree = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, block, trunk, cksum) # traverse entries mbid = -1 while True: done, mbid, mw, rbyd, rid, tags, path = mtree.btree_lookup( f, block_size, mbid+1, depth=args.get('depth', mdepth)-mdepth) if done: break # print inner btree entries if requested if args.get('inner'): changed = False for (x, px) in it.zip_longest( enumerate(path[:-1]), enumerate(ppath[:-1])): if x is None: break if not (changed or px is None or x != px): continue changed = True # show the inner entry d, (mid_, w_, rbyd_, rid_, tags_) = x dbg_branch(mid_, w_, rbyd_, rid_, tags_, d) ppath = path # corrupted? try to keep printing the tree if not rbyd: print('%11s: %*s%s%s%s' % ( '%04x.%04x' % (rbyd.block, rbyd.trunk), t_width, '', '\x1b[31m' if color else '', '(corrupted rbyd %s)' % rbyd.addr(), '\x1b[m' if color else '')) prbyd = rbyd corrupted = True continue # if we're not showing inner nodes, prefer names higher in # the tree since this avoids showing vestigial names if not args.get('inner'): name = None for mid_, w_, rbyd_, rid_, tags_ in reversed(path): for tag_, j_, d_, data_ in tags_: if tag_ & 0x7f00 == TAG_NAME: name = (tag_, j_, d_, data_) if rid_-(w_-1) != 0: break if name is not None: tags = [name] + [(tag, j, d, data) for tag, j, d, data in tags if tag & 0x7f00 != TAG_NAME] # found an mdir in the tags? mdir__ = None if (not args.get('depth') or mdepth+len(path) < args.get('depth')): mdir__ = next( ((tag, j, d, data) for tag, j, d, data in tags if tag == TAG_MDIR), None) # show other btree entries in certain cases if args.get('inner') or not mdir__: dbg_branch(mbid, mw, rbyd, rid, tags, len(path)-1) if not mdir__: continue # fetch the mdir _, _, _, data = mdir__ blocks = frommdir(data) mdir_ = Rbyd.fetch(f, block_size, blocks) # corrupted? if not mdir_: print('{%s}: %*s%s%s%s' % ( ','.join('%04x' % block for block in mdir_.blocks), t_width, '', '\x1b[31m' if color else '', '(corrupted mdir %s)' % mdir_.addr(), '\x1b[m' if color else '')) corrupted = True else: # show the mdir dbg_mdir(mdir_, mbid, mw, len(path)) # force next btree entry to be shown prbyd = None if args.get('error_on_corrupt') and corrupted: sys.exit(2) if __name__ == "__main__": import argparse import sys parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( description="Debug littlefs's metadata tree.", allow_abbrev=False) parser.add_argument( 'disk', help="File containing the block device.") parser.add_argument( 'mroots', nargs='*', type=rbydaddr, help="Block address of the mroots. Defaults to 0x{0,1}.") parser.add_argument( '-b', '--block-size', type=bdgeom, help="Block size/geometry in bytes.") parser.add_argument( '--block-count', type=lambda x: int(x, 0), help="Block count in blocks.") parser.add_argument( '--color', choices=['never', 'always', 'auto'], default='auto', help="When to use terminal colors. Defaults to 'auto'.") parser.add_argument( '-r', '--raw', action='store_true', help="Show the raw data including tag encodings.") parser.add_argument( '-T', '--no-truncate', action='store_true', help="Don't truncate, show the full contents.") parser.add_argument( '-t', '--tree', action='store_true', help="Show the underlying rbyd trees.") parser.add_argument( '-B', '--btree', action='store_true', help="Show the underlying B-trees.") parser.add_argument( '-R', '--rbyd', action='store_true', help="Show the full underlying rbyd trees.") parser.add_argument( '-i', '--inner', action='store_true', help="Show inner branches.") parser.add_argument( '-z', '--depth', nargs='?', type=lambda x: int(x, 0), const=0, help="Depth of tree to show.") parser.add_argument( '-e', '--error-on-corrupt', action='store_true', help="Error if the filesystem is corrupt.") sys.exit(main(**{k: v for k, v in vars(parser.parse_intermixed_args()).items() if v is not None}))