实现MPU抽象层 (#8080)

- 为RT-Thread设计MPU抽象层，支持ARMV7-M，ARMV8-M架构，让用户使用MPU检测栈溢出等内存问题，实现线程内存隔离
- 在components/mp目录下提供通用的API，libcpu目录下提供各处理器架构的具体实现
- 在STM32U575 NUCLEO， STM32H75 NUCLEO开发板测试通过

components/mprotect/examples/mprotect_example_exception_hook.c

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2006-2023, RT-Thread Development Team
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * Change Logs:
+ * Date           Author       Notes
+ * 2023-9-25     tangzz98     the first version
+ */
+
+#include <rtthread.h>
+#include <mprotect.h>
+
+void mprotect_example_exception_hook(rt_mem_exception_info_t *info)
+{
+    rt_kprintf("Memory manage exception\n");
+    rt_kprintf("Faulting thread: %s\n", info->thread->parent.name);
+    rt_kprintf("Faulting address: %p\n", info->addr);
+    rt_kprintf("Faulting region: %p - %p", info->region.start, (void *)((rt_size_t)info->region.start + info->region.size));
+}