gdb: add accessors for field (and call site) location

Add accessors for the various location values in struct field.  This
lets us assert that when we get a location value of a certain kind (say,
bitpos), the field's location indeed contains a value of that kind.

Remove the SET_FIELD_* macros, instead use the new setters directly.
Update the FIELD_* macros used to access field locations to go through
the getters.  They will be removed in a subsequent patch.

There are places where the FIELD_* macros are used on call_site_target
structures, because it contains members of the same name (loc_kind and
loc).  For now, I have replicated the getters/setters in
call_site_target.  But we could perhaps eventually factor them in a
"location" structure that can be used at both places.

Note that the field structure, being zero-initialized, defaults to a
bitpos location with value 0.  While writing this patch, I tried to make
it default to an "unset" location, to catch places where we would miss
setting a field's location.  However, I found that some places relied on
the default being "bitpos 0", so I left it as-is.  This change could
always be done as follow-up work, making these places explicitly set the
"bitpos 0" location.

I found two issues to fix:

 - I got some failures in the gdb.base/infcall-nested-structs-c++.exp
   test.  They were caused by two functions in amd64-tdep.c using
   TYPE_FIELD_BITPOS before checking if the location is of the bitpos
   kind, which they do indirectly through `field_is_static`.  Simply
   move getting the bitpos below the field_is_static call.

 - I got a failure in gdb.xml/tdesc-regs.exp.  It turns out that in
   make_gdb_type_enum, we set enum field values using SET_FIELD_BITPOS,
   and later access them through FIELD_ENUMVAL.  Fix that by using
   set_loc_enumval to set the value.

Change-Id: I53d3734916c46457576ba11dd77df4049d2fc1e8

gdb/ada-lang.c

@@ -7503,7 +7503,7 @@ ada_template_to_fixed_record_type_1 (struct type *type,
     {
       off = align_up (off, field_alignment (type, f))
 	+ TYPE_FIELD_BITPOS (type, f);
-      SET_FIELD_BITPOS (rtype->field (f), off);
+      rtype->field (f).set_loc_bitpos (off);
       TYPE_FIELD_BITSIZE (rtype, f) = 0;
 
       if (ada_is_variant_part (type, f))